{"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ð","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"r","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"z","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dz","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"c","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɟ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʝ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʎ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ŋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɣ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"bʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"mʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"fʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"vʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ðʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"nʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"rʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"sʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"zʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tsʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dzʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"lʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʒʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʒʲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ç","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"e","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a̟","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɐ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɑ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"o","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɑ̆","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ĕ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛa̟","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛɐ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iɐ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uɐ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ua̟","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ue","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ie","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ii","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["0"],"name":"Skolt Saami (Suõʹnnʼjel)","language":"Skolt Saami","iso":"sms","glottocode":"skol1241","type":"language","latitude":"68.5","longitude":"29.5","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Saamic","tones":"","syllab":"(C)(C)V(C)(C)","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ui","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Feist, Timothy. 2010. A grammar of Skolt Saami. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester","comment":"/f/ is restricted to loanwords. /ø/ and /y/ might also be marginally included. Palatalization might be analyzed as a suprasegmental feature (in this case the palatalized consonants, /ç/, /e/, /ue/, /ie/, /ii/, /ui/ are to be removed from the table). Both vowels and consonants have three phonemic lengths, but this can be alternatively analyzed segmentally or prosodically. Preaspiration is not phonemic.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"d","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ð","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"s̺","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"r","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"tɕ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ɟ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ɲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ʎ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ŋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ʔ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ɨ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"u̟","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"y","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ɔ̟̜","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"e","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"ɐ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["1"],"name":"Nganasan (Avam)","language":"Nganasan","iso":"nio","glottocode":"ngan1291","type":"language","latitude":"71.1","longitude":"92.8","gen1":"Uralic","gen2":"Samoyed","tones":"","syllab":"(C)V(V)(V)(C)(ʔ)","cluster":"∅","finals":"m, r̥, j, ŋ, ʔ, mʔ, rʔ, jʔ, ŋʔ","segments":"u̯ɑ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Терещенко, Н.М. 1979. Нганасанский язык. Ленинград: \"Наука\", Ленинградское отделение","comment":"/ð/ can be infrequently realized as [d̪ð], which theoretically should be analyzed as the main (unlenited) allophone. /ɐ, a/ can be alternatively treated as /a, æ/. The 'diphthongs' (except u̯ɑ) consitute two syllables.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dz","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"(z)","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɾ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"(ʃ)","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɲ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʎ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"e","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"o","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["2"],"name":"Italian","language":"Italian","iso":"ita","glottocode":"ital1282","type":"language","latitude":"41.9100711","longitude":"12.5359979","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Romance","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Krämer, Martin. 2009. The Phonology of Italian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"The alveolar fricative does not contrast in voicing in northern Italian. The voiced fricative occurs in the vicinity of voiced stops and in word-internal intervocalic position. Elsewhere we find the voiceless form. In southern Italy, the alveolar fricative is voiceless in intervocalic position as well, while in the centre of the peninsula it shows some marginal contrast in intervocalic position (Kramer 2009: 46). ...contrastively long consonants occur, again, only word-internally. Word-initially, all consonants can only be short (except in the contexts to be discussed in section 7.3). The consonants [ts, dz, ʃ, ɲ, ʎ] are short (like all the other consonants) word-initially, but are always long word-internally. In word-initial position they are realized as long whenever preceded by a vowel. The voiced alveolar fricative [z], on the other hand, does not occur in long form (Kramer 2009: 47). Surface [ʃ] could then be the result of merging the manner feature of /s/ and the place feature of /tʃ/. If this procedure is generalized one might remove /ʃ/ from the inventory as well, assuming that all surface post-alveolar fricatives are derived from an illegal consonant cluster, such as /stʃ/, with the non-alternating instances of /ʃ/ taking a free ride on the alternating ones (Kramer 2009: 49). All seven vowels occur as long and short, depending on their position in the prosodic structure. It is even arguable that speakers distinguish three degrees of length. The length of a vowel, however, is completely predictable by its position (Kramer 2009: 51). A closer look at the less problematic diphthongs demonstrates that they actually are combinations of segments and that any restrictions on the inventory of diphthongs are not restrictions on the inventory of (contrastive) segments, but rather restrictions on the combinatorial options within higher units of organization than the segment (Kramer 2009: 52).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b̥","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pf","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v̥","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d̥","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʀ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"z̥","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʒ̊","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g̊","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kx","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ŋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɣ̊","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"e","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"eː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"æ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"æː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"y","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"yː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ø","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"øː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"(œ)","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"o","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɒ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɒː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ei̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"æi̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oi̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iə̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"yə̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uə̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"æu̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["3"],"name":"Zurich German","language":"Central Alemannic","iso":"gsw","glottocode":"swis1247","type":"dialect","latitude":"47.377455","longitude":"8.536715","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ou̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36(2). 243–253.","comment":"Words can begin with a vowel; i.e. in contrast to Standard German, initial vowels are not preceded by the glottal stop [ʔ], which occurs only marginally, for example, in the reinforced negation particle [ˈnoeʔoe]/[ˈhoeʔoe] ‘nope’. Also in contrast to Standard German, unvoiced plosives before stressed vowels are not aspirated; rather, aspiration is lexically determined and typical of borrowed items, such as [pʰɒkx] ‘parcel’ or [tʰeː] ‘tea’. (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 244). A striking structural feature of the Zurich German consonant system is that it completely lacks voiced obstruents; nevertheless, two series of homorganic obstruents are distinguished... In the present description, the terms ‘fortis’ and ‘lenis’ are employed in accordance with their traditional definition. Thus, the terms refer to two phonologically distinct series of homorganic obstruents that are both unvoiced, meaning that a feature other than [±voiced] is the phonetic correlate of the distinction (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 245). The schwa vowel [ə] is restricted to unstressed syllables... In stressed syllables, all vowel qualities are used for both short and long phonemes with the exception of short /œ/, which has only a marginal status (Fleischer & Schmid 2006: 247).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɾ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʈ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɖ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɳ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. New York, Oxford University Press.","comment":"An important point about the distribution of schwa in UEN is that stress reduction in Norwegian may not neutralize all vowels in schwa, as in English and Dutch; only /e/ may systematically alternate with schwa in stress reduction. This suggests that schwa should not be seen as an independent segment, but as a realizational variant of /e/ (Kristoffersen 2000: 21).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["4"],"name":"Norwegian (Standard Østnorsk)","language":"Norwegian","iso":"nor","glottocode":"norw1258","type":"language","latitude":"59.8938549","longitude":"10.7851165","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʂ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Kristoffersen, Gjert. 2000. The Phonology of Norwegian. 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Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ̟̜̃ː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɞ̜̃ː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ̃ːi̯","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ãɛ̃","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œ̃ɛ̃","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪ̰","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["9"],"name":"Tofa","language":"Taiga Sayan Turkic","iso":"kim","glottocode":"kara1462","type":"language","latitude":"53.64","longitude":"98.21","gen1":"Turkic","gen2":"Sayan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Рассадин, В.И. 1971. Фонетика и лексика тофаларского языка. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское книжное издательство","comment":"/ɪ/, /ɪ̰/, /ɪː/ seem to be phonemic (they are said to be allophones of the corresponding high phonemes triggered, among others, by preceding plain labials as opposed to 'palatalized' labials, which are themselves not phonemic).","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"q","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ʔ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"β","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ɣ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ħ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"r","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"y","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["10"],"name":"Atayal","language":"Atayal","iso":"tay","glottocode":"atay1247","type":"language","latitude":"24.79","longitude":"121.56","gen1":"Austronesian","gen2":"Atayalic","tones":"","syllab":"CV(C), CwV(C), CjV(C)","cluster":"∅","finals":"p, t, k, q, ʔ, s, m, n, j, w","segments":"ä","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Rau, Der-Hwa Victoria. 1992. A Grammar ot Atayal. Cornell University","comment":"Consonant clusters are disallowed and prevented by the insertion of non-phonemic schwa.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"z̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɬ̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"r̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɽ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʈ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɖ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɣ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"aː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"Nasalized vowels and /ɛ/ are marginal.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["11"],"name":"Brahui (Sarāwān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"language","latitude":"29","longitude":"66.6","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ãː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Elfenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. 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Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["12"],"name":"Brahui (Jahlawān)","language":"Brahui","iso":"brh","glottocode":"brah1256","type":"dialect","latitude":"25.8","longitude":"66.5","gen1":"Dravidian","gen2":"Brahui","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ̃ː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Andronov, M.S. 1980. The Brahui language. Moscow: \"Nauka\" publishing house, Central Department of Oriental Literature; Eflenbein, Josef. 1997. Brahui phonology. Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), volume 1. Eds: Alan S. Kaye. 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Winona Lake, Indiana: EISENBRAUNS","comment":"","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t̪ʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t̪ʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"qχʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dz","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tsʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"dʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃʼ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"z","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. Georgian: a reading grammar (second ed.), Columbus, OH: Slavica.","comment":"There are virtually no restrictions on the consonant clusters. /qχʼ/ might be /qʼ/ or /χʼ/. /ɫ/ might be plain (non-velarized) when adjacent to front vowels.","contr":["André Nikulin, ojovemlouco@gmail.com"]} {"id":["13"],"name":"Georgian","language":"Georgian","iso":"kat","glottocode":"nucl1302","type":"language","latitude":"41.7","longitude":"44.8","gen1":"Kartvelian","gen2":"Karto-Zan","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʒ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Aronson, Howard I. 1990. 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Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʁ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"e","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"y","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ø","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"o","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["20"],"name":"Danish","language":"Danish","iso":"dan","glottocode":"dani1285","type":"language","latitude":"55.6712673","longitude":"12.5608388","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Grønnum, Nina. 1998. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28(1–2). 99–105.","comment":"Note that in a narrower transcription the aspirated plosives would be rendered as [b̥ʰ, d̥ˢ, g̊ʰ], since they are in fact lenis (Grønnum 1998: 100). The diphthongs can all be analyzed phonologically as consonant-vowel and vowelconsonant sequences, respectively (Grønnum 1998: 102). Stød is a kind of creaky voice. It occurs in long vowels and in phonetically voiced (sonorant) consonants. Presence vs absence of stød create an abundance of minimal contrasts...Stød is then a property of bi-moraic syllables (Grønnum 1998: 102).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"r","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"eː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʏ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"øː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʊ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʊɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"aɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʉu","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔu","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛa","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["21"],"name":"Faroese","language":"Faroese","iso":"fao","glottocode":"faro1244","type":"language","latitude":"62.0151195","longitude":"-6.7998076","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔa","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Barnes, Michael P. & Eivind Weyhe. 1994. Icelandic. The Germanic Languages (eds.: König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan), 142-189. London: Routledge.","comment":"Faroese has the same syllabic structure as most other forms of Scandinavian except Danish. In lexical pronunciation stressed syllables are long (V:, V:C, VC: or VCC - note, however, the clusters /pi, pr, tr, kl, kr/, where the preceding vowel is long) and unstressed are short (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). Attempts have been made to present length as allophonic, but the corollary seems to be that length in consonants must then be regarded as phonemic, so little is gained in the way of economy (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 190). /b, d, g/ are voiced, lax and unaspirated; however, the voicing is at best weak and sometimes absent (especially in word- or sentence-final position - but that is a characteristic of most voiced consonants) (Barnes & Weyhe 1994: 193).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t̪ʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɹ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l̪","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʝ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ŋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɧ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɕ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"yː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʏ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʉ̟ː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɵ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"eː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"øː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɑː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["22"],"name":"Swedish (Central)","language":"Swedish","iso":"swe","glottocode":"swed1254","type":"language","latitude":"59.326142","longitude":"17.9875455","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʊ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Engstrand, Olle. 1990. Swedish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20(1). 42–44.","comment":"/p,t,k/ are aspirated in stressed position when not preceded by hi within the same morpheme. /t, d, n, s, l/ are dental... Long vowels are generally diphthongized, particularly the high ones: [ij, yɥ, uw, ʉ̟β]. Lip rounding differs between /y/ (\"outrounded\") and /u, ʉ̟/ (\"inrounded\"). Consonants are long after short vowels in stressed position, and short after long vowels. Voiced consonants are frequently devoiced in voiceless context (Engstrand 1990: 43). Example tapes are available here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_phonology","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"b","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"d","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"g","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"m","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"n","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ŋ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"l","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"r","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"v","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"w","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"s","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"z","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"j","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"x","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"h","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"i","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"y","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"yː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"eː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"øː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"a","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"aː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɵ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔ","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"o","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"u","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uː","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ai","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɛi","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"œi","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ui","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"au","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɔu","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ou","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"iə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"yə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"uə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɪə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ɵə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["23"],"name":"Frisian (West)","language":"Western Frisian","iso":"fry","glottocode":"west2354","type":"language","latitude":"53.2003137","longitude":"5.8185041","gen1":"Indo-European","gen2":"Germanic","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"oə","segment_type":"vowel","source":"Sipma, Pieter. 1913. Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian. London: Oxford University Press.","comment":"/ʔ/ glottal explosive. Uttered before a stressed vowel or diphthong beginning the word, when used separately (Simpa 1913: 15). [ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring intervocally. Long vowels often show a tendency to become slightly diphthongized... We may say that eː, oː, and øː are regularly a little diphthongized when final (Simpa 1913: 9).","contr":["Anton Kukhto, ruinril@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"pʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"kʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"p","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"t","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"k","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"q","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tsʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʈʂʰ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ts","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"tʃ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"ʈʂ","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke (LOT).","comment":"","contr":["Dmitry Nikolaev, dsnikolaev@gmail.com"]} {"id":["24"],"name":"Mongghul (Huzhu Monguor)","language":"Tu","iso":"mjg","glottocode":"tuuu1240","type":"language","latitude":"36.81643","longitude":"101.9901","gen1":"Mongolic","gen2":"Qinghai-Gansu","tones":"","syllab":"","cluster":"","finals":"","segments":"f","segment_type":"consonant","source":"Nugteren, Hans. 2011. 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